The causes and solutions of the five common faults of high and low voltage electrical equipment, the analysis of the causes of electrical equipment, high and low voltage switchgear fault causes, mostly in the insulation, conductive and mechanical aspects.

1、絕緣故障：

1. Insulation fault:

絕緣水平是要正確處理作用在絕緣上的各種電壓（包括運行電壓和各種過電壓）、各種限壓辦法、絕緣強度這三者之間的聯系。力求使產品做到既安全又經濟，得到不錯的經濟效益。在絕緣方面的故障首要表現為外絕緣對地閃絡擊穿，內絕緣對地閃絡擊穿，相間絕緣閃絡擊穿，雷電過電壓閃絡擊穿，瓷瓶套管、電容套管閃絡、污閃、擊穿、爆炸，提升桿閃絡，CT閃絡、擊穿、爆炸，瓷瓶斷裂等。

Insulation level is to correctly deal with the relationship among various voltages (including operating voltage and overvoltage), various voltage limiting methods and insulation strength. Strive to make the product safe and economic, get good economic benefits. The main faults in insulation are flashover and breakdown of external insulation to ground, flashover and breakdown of internal insulation to ground, flashover and breakdown of interphase insulation, flashover and breakdown of lightning overvoltage, flashover, pollution flashover, breakdown and explosion of porcelain bushing and capacitor bushing, flashover of lifting rod, flashover, breakdown and explosion of CT, and fracture of porcelain insulator.

2、載流故障：

2. Current carrying fault:

72～12KV電壓等級產生的載流故障首要原因是開關柜阻隔插頭接觸不良導致觸頭燒融。

The primary cause of current carrying fault caused by 72-12kv voltage level is poor contact of blocking plug of switch cabinet, which leads to contact burning.
                            

3、拒動、誤動故障：

3. Failure of refusing to operate and maloperation:

這種故障是高低壓成套開關設備是首要的故障，其原因可分為兩類。一類是因操動組織及傳動系統的機械故障形成，具體表現為組織卡澀，部件變形、位移或損壞，分合閘鐵芯松動、卡澀，軸銷松斷，脫扣失靈等。另一類是因電氣控制和輔佐回路形成，表現為二次接線接觸不良，端子松動，接線錯誤，分合閘線圈因組織卡澀或轉換開關不良而燒損，輔佐開關切換不靈，以及操作電源、合閘接觸器、微動開關等故障。

This kind of fault is the primary fault of high and low voltage switchgear, and its causes can be divided into two categories. One is caused by mechanical failure of operating organization and transmission system, which is characterized by tissue jam, deformation, displacement or damage of components, loose and jam of opening and closing iron core, loose and broken axle pin, tripping failure, etc. The other is due to the formation of electrical control and auxiliary circuit, such as poor contact of secondary wiring, loose terminals, wrong wiring, burning loss of opening and closing coil due to poor organization or poor transfer switch, ineffective switching of auxiliary switch, and operating power supply, closing contactor, micro switch on and off.

4、開斷與關合故障：

4. Breaking and closing fault:

這類故障是由斷路器本體形成的，對少油斷路器而言，首要表現為噴油短路、滅弧室燒損、開斷才能缺乏、關合時爆炸等。關于真空斷路器而言，表現為滅弧室及波紋管漏氣、真空度下降、切電容器組重燃、陶瓷管決裂等。

This kind of fault is formed by the circuit breaker itself. For the less oil circuit breaker, the main performance is short circuit of fuel injection, burning of arc chamber, lack of breaking ability, explosion when closing, etc. As for vacuum circuit breaker, it is manifested as air leakage in arc extinguish chamber and bellows, vacuum drop, re ignition of capacitor bank, crack of ceramic tube, etc.

5、外力及其他故障：

5. External force and other faults:

包括異物碰擊，自然災害，小動物短路等不可知的其他外力及意外故障的產生。

Including foreign body impact, natural disasters, short circuit of small animals and other unknown external forces and accidents.